Īrab traders moved into the land from the Indian Ocean coast of East Africa in the 1830s for trade and commerce. Some Luo invaded the area of Bunyoro and assimilated with the Bantu society there, establishing the Babiito dynasty of the current Omukama (ruler) of Bunyoro-Kitara. Bunyoro-Kitara is claimed as the antecedent of the Toro, Ankole, and Busoga kingdoms. Īccording to oral tradition and archeological studies, the Empire of Kitara covered an important part of the great lakes area, from the northern lakes Albert and Kyoga to the southern lakes Victoria and Tanganyika. By 1500 AD, they were assimilated into Bantu speaking cultures south of Mount Elgon, the Nile river, and Lake Kyoga. Much of Uganda was inhabited by Central sudanic and Kuliak speaking of farmers and herders before Bantu speakers arrived in the south and Nilotic speakers in the northeast 3,000 years ago in 1,000 BC. HistoryĪ caesarean section performed by indigenous healers in Kahura, in the Empire of Kitara (present-day Uganda) as observed by medical missionary Robert William Felkin in 1879. Following constitutional amendments that removed term limits for the president, he was able to stand and was elected president in the 2011, 20 general elections. Uganda's current president is Yoweri Kaguta Museveni, who took power in January 1986 after a protracted six-year guerrilla war. In 2022 Uganda decided to make Swahili a mandatory subject in the school curriculum. ![]() In 2005 Swahili, which is foreign and so viewed as being neutral, was proposed as Uganda's second official language, but this has yet to be ratified by parliament. ![]() ![]() The official language is English, although the Constitution states that "any other language may be used as a medium of instruction in schools or other educational institutions or for legislative, administrative, or judicial purposes as may be prescribed by law." Luganda, a central region-based language, is widely spoken across the Central and South Eastern regions of the country, and several other languages are also spoken including Ateso, Lango, Acholi, Runyoro, Runyankole, Rukiga, Luo, Rutooro, Samia, Jopadhola, and Lusoga. The period since then has been marked by violent conflicts, including an eight-year-long military dictatorship led by Idi Amin. Uganda gained independence from the UK on 9 October 1962. From 1894, the area was ruled as a protectorate by the United Kingdom, which established administrative law across the territory. Uganda is named after the Buganda kingdom, which encompasses a large portion of the south of the country, including the capital Kampala and whose language Luganda is widely spoken throughout the country. It has a population of around 49.6 million, of which 8.5 million live in the capital and largest city of Kampala. Uganda is in the African Great Lakes region, lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but a generally modified equatorial climate. The southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. ![]() The country is bordered to the east by Kenya, to the north by South Sudan, to the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, to the south-west by Rwanda, and to the south by Tanzania. Uganda ( Yuganda in Ugandan languages), officially the Republic of Uganda ( Swahili: Jamhuri ya Uganda ), is a landlocked country in East Africa.
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